ABSTRACT Tonsils play a pivotal role in the safeguard of the respiratory system, as they represent the primary defence barrier against viruses and bacteria, particularly in children. Tonsillitis, which is the inflammatory state of tonsillar tissue, can result from various infectious agents, requiring tailored treatment approaches. The aetiology of tonsillitis, whether viral or bacterial, will [...]
ABSTRACT The electrocardiogram (ECG) is an easy-to-perform and straightforward diagnostic test. Even in paediatric care, the ECG holds a significant role in emergency situations, serving as an effective diagnostic tool for the family paediatricians in their clinic. This article summarizes the key information that the paediatricians need to possess to access the severity of a [...]
ABSTRACT The growing global interest in using insect flour as an alternative protein source reflects the urgent need for sustainable solutions to mitigate the environmental impact of traditional agriculture. While insects are already incorporated into numerous food and cosmetic products and boast a wide range of health benefits, the adoption of insect flour in Italy [...]
ABSTRACT In the past 30 years, the prevalence of rheumatic fever (RF) has markedly declined in developed countries, but it remains the leading cause of acquired heart disease in the lower-resource regions worldwide. In response to evolving epidemiological trends, the American Heart Association (AHA) introduced in 2015 a further revision of Jones criteria, tailored to [...]
ABSTRACT Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a monophasic neurological condition, characterized by multifocal demyelinating lesions in the central nervous system. Although its etiopathogenesis is complex and not fully understood, it involves immune-mediated mechanisms that trigger widespread inflammation and damage to the myelin structures. ADEM primarily affects the pediatric population, with a slightly higher prevalence in [...]
ABSTRACT Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is one of the most common food allergies in pediatrics, with a prevalence ranging between 1% and 7.5%. Managing CMPA, in the absence of breastfeeding, requires the use of alternative formulas free of cow’s milk proteins. This article describes the recommendations of the Diagnosis and Rationale for Action against [...]
ABSTRACT The Third Sector is now a firmly established reality within our legal system and can serve as a catalyst for the development and enhancement of the healthcare sector, as well as a valuable resource for community-based medicine, which will shape the future trajectory of the healthcare system. Understanding its potential can enable healthcare professionals [...]
ABSTRACT Gastroesophageal reflux disease represents a complex clinical challenge in the paediatric setting, often complicated by nonspecific symptomatology. This article explores the incidence, the clinical manifestation, and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease in paediatric patients, from early infancy to adolescence. Special attention is given to the critical role of [...]
ABSTRACT Dysmenorrhea is a painful condition related to the menstrual cycle, common among adolescents and young women. The diagnosis is based on a clinical-instrumental evaluation, through which it is crucial to distinguish primary from secondary dysmenorrhea. The treatment varies depending on the severity of the symptoms and the choice of the patient, including drugs, non-pharmacological [...]
ABSTRACT This article explores the critical topic of respiratory emergencies and urgencies in the pediatric outpatient setting, underscoring their prevalence and potential lethality. Recognizing the pivotal role of swift and effective management in reducing morbidity and mortality, we provide an exhaustive overview of current best practices for addressing pediatric respiratory crises outside the hospital environment. [...]
